Here's the chronology of shifting management resources of oil and gas in Indonesia since the Dutch colonial era up to now:
* 1884: Oil Field in Indonesia (Dutch East Indies) controlled by 18 companies owned by the Netherlands, Britain, and the United States.
* 1960: Bung Karno's nationalization of oil and gas contracts and change shape. Exploitation of oil and gas is only held by the State (Law no. 44 Year 1960).
* Period 1961-1971: national oil company consolidation and acquisition of assets. Refineries refining and other foreign-owned assets purchased by the government and handed over to Pertamina.
* New Order: Birth PERTAMIN and Permina merged into Pertamina (Law No. 8/1971). Pertamina is authorized mining, oil and gas blocks tenants choosing a contractor, and signed production sharing contracts.
* 1996: The government proposed a new bill to separate oil and gas regulator and operator roles. Parliament rejected the proposal at that time.
* 1999: Government Oil and Gas filed a bill back to the House in 1999, following the economic crisis of 1997-1998.
* 2001: Oil bill finally passed into Law. 22/2001. Anticipating changes in the law, ranging BPPKA removed from Pertamina and converted into a Production Sharing Management Directorate (MPS). MPS turned into the Executive Agency for Upstream Oil and Gas (BP Migas) in 2002.
(R & D Compass / IWN / BIM processed from the Ministry of Finance, BP Migas, BPH Migas and news Reuters)
http://bisniskeuangan.kompas.com/read/2012/11/14/14200864/
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